ARCHAEOLOGY OF DEATH AND BURIAL
IN POMPEII
NECROPOLIS OF PORTA NOCERA
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ARCHAEOLOGY OF DEATH AND BURIAL IN POMPEII - NECROPOLIS OF PORTA NOCERA
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A ROMAN FUNERARY LANDSCAPE (1st CENT. BC – 1st CENT. AD)
Research Program of the French school of Rome in collaboration with
the university of Lille 3 (research center of Halma), Éveha International
and the Soprintendenza archeological di Pompei.
A study centred on the organization of spaces and the funerary activities
This study focuses on the Roman necropolis outside a city gate of Pompeii known as the Porta Nocera. Whilst our work is centred on the organization of funerary spaces and the activities around the deceased, the excellent state of preservation of the archaeological remains offers the perfect opportunity to approach the topic more broadly and to examine all the information available about the history of the cemetery and its occupants (some of whom are well known through epigraphy), the arrangement of the tombs, and the organisation of sepulchral space (e.g. architecture, inscriptions, funerary artefacts), as well as the various funerary activities that can be reconstructed on the basis of the material (human and animal bone, ceramics, plant remains, charcoal, etc.) retrieved both on the surface levels and in the fill of the graves.
The aim of this project is, therefore, to utilise a whole range of evidence in order to define, as precisely as possible, what exactly a burial in the first century AD entailed and what attitudes towards death prevailed in a Roman community. A distinct advantage is that the context in which we work is that of a Roman colony, and it is, therefore, possible to make use of written sources in interpreting the archaeological phenomena.
Digging the necropolis of Porta Nocera
In Pompeii, as in all Roman cities, cemeteries were situated on the edges of urban space, a principle based on the notion that the dead brought pollution to the living, and that the world of the dead needed to be separate from that of the living. Our fieldwork focuses on the particularly well-preserved occupation levels around the tombs. The study area consists of 2 sectors, one near the city gate (Sector A, Porta Nocera West) along the road which ran parallel to the city wall and joined the Stabiae Gate and the harbour at the mouth of the Sarno river and the other along the road of Nocera (Sector B, Porta Nocera East).
Whilst, in the past, our knowledge of Roman burial was limited largely to the information gained from the study of funerary inscriptions, tomb architecture and the evidence for the treatment of the corpse (inhumation or cremation), today many other aspects of death and burial, including funerary rites and the organization of graves or funerary plots, have become the focus of archaeological exploration on cemetery sites.
ARCHÉOLOGIE DE LA MORT À POMPÉI - NÉCROPOLE DE PORTA NOCERA
NAISSANCE ET DÉVELOPPEMENT D’UN PAYSAGE FUNÉRAIRE ROMAIN (Ier SIÈCLE AV. - Ier SIÈCLE APR. J.-C.)
Programme de recherche de l’École française de Rome en collaboration
avec l’université de Lille 3 (Centre de Recherches Halma), le bureau
d’étude archéologique Éveha International et la Soprintendenza
archeologica di Pompei
Étude de la nécropole de Porta Nocera à Pompéi : présentation générale
Entre 2003 et 2007, un programme de recherche a concerné un quartier de la nécropole de Porta Nocera (enclos 21, 23, 25 et 25a OS), donnant lieu à une réflexion ample et originale sur les pratiques et la gestion des espaces funéraires à l’époque romaine. Cette étude est désormais achevée et les résultats présentés dans un ouvrage en deux volumes :
Van Andringa W., Duday H., Lepetz S. et al., Mourir à Pompéi : fouille d’un quartier funéraire de la nécropole romaine de Porta Nocera, 2 vol., Collection de l’École française de Rome, 468, Rome, 2013, 1451 p.
Ce travail de synthèse conduit en équipe a permis l’élaboration de nouveaux questionnements, fondement d’un nouveau projet élargi à l’ensemble de la nécropole de Porta Nocera et centré sur la naissance et le développement d’un paysage funéraire romain au Ier siècle av. J.-C. et au Ier siècle apr. J.-C. La priorité est désormais moins donnée aux rites funéraires qu’à la restitution des comportements funéraires en miroir de l’organisation de la société locale.
Le nouveau projet s’organise selon cinq objectifs principaux :
La méthode et les moyens utilisés sont les mêmes que dans le premier projet : réalisation de fouilles ciblées et adaptées aux interrogations posées, enregistrement minutieux et aussi exhaustif que possible des contextes stratigraphiques et du mobilier, participation d’une équipe pluridisciplinaire, experte en archéologie funéraire et dans les disciplines associées, anthropologie, céramologie, archéozoologie, carpologie, micromorphologie des sols, etc. Les institutions porteuses du projet – l’École française de Rome, l’université de Lille 3 et la société Éveha International – bénéficient de la collaboration du laboratoire d’anthropologie de Bordeaux (Prof. Henri Duday).
ARCHEOLOGIA DELLA MORTE A POMPEI - NECROPOLI DI PORTA NOCERA
NASCITA ET SVILUPPO DI UN PAESAGGIO FUNERARIO ROMANO (I SECOLO A.C. – I SECOLO D.C.)
Programma di ricerca dell’École française de Rome in collaborazione
con l’Università di Lille 3 (Centre de Recherches Halma), il Bureau
d’étude archéologique Éveha International e la Soprintendenza
archeologica di Pompei.
Studio della necropoli romana di Porta Nocera a Pompei
Dal 2003 al 2007 è stato condotto un articolato programma di ricerca su un quartiere della necropoli di Porta Nocera (recinti 21, 23, 25 e 25a OS), che ha dato luogo ad un’ampia ed originale riflessione sulle pratiche e sulla gestione degli spazi funerari in età romana. Questo studio è ormai completato ed i risultati sono stati presentati integralmente in un’opera in due volumi:
Van Andringa W., Duday H., Lepetz S. et al., Mourir à Pompéi : fouille d’un quartier funéraire de la nécropole romaine de Porta Nocera, 2 vol., Collection de l’École française de Rome, 468, Rome, 2013, 1451 p.
Questo lavoro di sintesi condotto in équipe ha dato luogo a nuovi interrogativi e a un nuovo progetto, focalizzato sulla necropoli di Porta Nocera, che riguarda la nascita et lo sviluppo della necropoli nel I secolo a.C. et I secolo d.C.
Il nuovo progetto prevede cinque obiettivi principali:
Il metodo e i mezzi da utilizzare sono gli stessi del primo studio: realizzazione di uno scavo limitato e condotto in funzione degli interrogativi posti, registrazione minuziosa e il più possibile esauriente dei contesti e dei manufatti, partecipazione di un’équipe pluridisciplinare, esperta nell’archeologia funeraria e nelle discipline connesse, antropologia, ceramologia, archeozoologia, carpologia, micro-morfologia dei suoli etc. Le istituzioni propositrici del progetto – l’École française de Rome, l’Università di Lille 3 et la società Éveha International – sono supportate dalla collaborazione con il laboratorio di antropologia di Bordeaux (Prof. Henri Duday).
Zone A
Porta Nocera West
Zone B
Porta Nocera East
Pompei Map
Pointer at Porta Nocera Zone A.
ARCHEOLOGY OF DEATH IN POMPEII
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